Phone 3d Scanner

I started this project in 2021 during COVID because I found 3d scanning to be frustrating, and time-consuming. and while the better options were too expensive. I chose to use photogrammetry as my method for 3d scanning. It is a technique that converts multiple 2D images of an object into a highly accurate 3D model. It is widely used in industries like 3D modeling, archaeology, and manufacturing. However, the process can be tedious, requiring precise image capture and expensive cameras to get high-quality results.

To remove the hassle from photogrammetry, I designed a fully automated scanning device that holds both the phone and the object being scanned. The system automatically positions the phone at the correct distance, rotates the object, and captures all necessary images without any manual input. Using a custom app, the user simply selects the object size and clicks ‘Scan,’ and the device does the rest. This eliminates human error, speeds up the process, and removes the need for expensive camera equipment. 

Instead of relying on expensive cameras, this device turns any smartphone into a high-precision 3D scanner. The phone is mounted securely, while the object is placed on a rotating turntable. Using a custom app, you simply input the approximate size of the object and press scan. The system then moves the phone to the correct position and automatically captures images from multiple angles, including top-down views, ensuring complete coverage. 

The system’s movement is fully automated using 3D printer components for smooth and reliable motion. The horizontal and vertical movement of the phone is controlled by 3D printer lead screws, driven by continuous servos for precise positioning. 3D printer linear rails were integrated, preventing unwanted shifts or vibrations that could compromise image quality. The turntable, responsible for rotating the scanned object, is powered by a continuous servo connected to a custom 3D-printed gearbox solution. This combination ensures that every image is captured from the optimal position, improving scan accuracy and detail.

Once the images are captured, the app can process them using a mobile photogrammetry tool or, for higher resolution scans, export them to a computer for more advanced processing. This flexibility allows for quick, on-the-go scans or professional-grade models, all without the hassle of manual image capturing. 

Since this setup is quite large and awkward, I designed this device to be fully collapsible. The structure folds down easily, making it compact for storage and transport. This is especially useful for hobbyists or professionals who need a mobile scanning solution.  To make setup as easy as possible, all joints and connections use 3D-printed hinges, allowing for rapid disassembly without the need for extra tools. The modular design ensures that the entire system can be put together or taken apart in minutes, making it both convenient and user-friendly.

A key part of this project is an app that can take automated pictures at precise intervals. I have previous experience developing apps that communicate with Arduinos, but the software I initially used didn’t have the capability to fully control the phone’s camera while packaging and sending images to another device. Creating a completely custom app is outside my current expertise and would be necessary to make this system fully functional.

Because the app bottleneck prevented full testing, the overall system remains unvalidated. However, one anticipated issue is that photogrammetry algorithms may struggle if the background is visible during scanning. To counteract this, I may need to develop a featureless backdrop that eliminates distractions and ensures accurate object tracking. Implementing this would further improve scan quality and consistency.